Animals, Cars, and Children: arld landscape Over thousands of years grazing animals and human woodcutters have gradually removed the Covering vegetation leaving the landscape of southern Greece The silver mines at Laurion rainwater collected for silver processing ΘΑΡΓΗΛΙΩΝ DAY 8 At Thorikos we stayed with one of dad's business friends. Dad explained that he was going to Athens because his agent there, Lyrias, had been stealing his money Our host reckoned the Athenians had enough money without taking dad's He showed us what he meant by giving us a tour of Athens' huge silver mine at Laurion. When Peri started messing about and fell into a tank, it was my turn to laugh! arid and barren slag heap slaves camp Hera After being rescued from the tank Peri ane thanks to H YTAAN guard tower The sister-wfe of t was the quardian of women, the home and children She could be cruel though partkularty Workshop towards her husband's girltriends charcoal for furnace molten ore flowing into mould furnace sorting ore bellows ventilation shaft Fire to create ventilation draft pounding ore into chippings silver bars milling chippings into powder oil lamp Oil lamps burn olive oil, one of the many uses the Greeks make of the precious olive tree that was Athene's gift to Athens dead slave Neleus washing clean ore ore drying ladder slavery In Greece, as in all ancient digging societies, slavery was regarded al Slaves were seen as out ore Pert Athenian wealth objects not people, and their Athens' great wealth was based upon trade, tribute (tax) and the profits of mining Every kind of commerce took place in Athens and its port, Piraeus while tribute forced from its so-called allies kept the city's coffers brimming. settling tank owners could do more or less rock pillar what they wanted with them paidagogos covered channel for rainwater Between the ages of 6 and 13 boys from well-off families are looked after by a slave mentor or paidagogos. This elderly and respected man guides a boy and guards him against physical and moral harm. ore removed from workface mine slave Appalling working conditions mean that mine slaves (usually prisoners of wari rarely survive more than a year or two. Consequently, they seam of Siber ore 80 metres processing silver ore below children ground breaking have to be arefully guarded in up ore case they try to rebel or escape ore is sorted by weight and colour to remove limestone ore is mined metallic ore is chippings are ground to dust washing separates dirt from heavier ore collects in settling tanks clean ore is melted in liquid silver solidifies in bars undere d pounded into chippings a charcoal furnace metal-bearing ore 15 18 19 COAL MINE MINING MACHINERY Pithead MOst of the mine is below ground, but work also takes place on the surface. The offices and workshops above ground are called the pithead nside a low tunnel two miles beneath our feet, coal miners operate machines that take great bites out of the earth's crust in order to extract coal from rock. In our briglht homes above, many of us never see the coal dug out by the miners and their machines. Nevertheless we still use it: in many homes, electricity generated by burning coal powers lightbulbs and appliances every day. People began burning coal thousands of years ago. At first they used coal that they found on the surface of the ground, but they soon began to dig pits and shafts to find coal seams rocks underground. In these early mines, miners risked their lives every day to dig out the "black diamonds" using pickaxes, shovels, and, later, explosives. Today's miners are helped by computers and giant machines, but mines are still dark, damp dirty, and dangerous places. I 14 Road-beading machine Shearer-loader The modern mine relies on machinery, not muscle power, to extract coal. The vicious-looking road-heading machine uses its spinning bit to drill out the roads to the coal face (the part of the mine where coal is actually being dug out). The shearer-loader moves across the coal face tearing through coal and rock with diamond- tipped blades attached to a rotating drum. Powered roof supports hold up the roof as the shearer-loader advances They also push forward the conveyor which carries coal away from the face layers of coal buried in the Back to nature A vast amount of work is being undertaken to restore the sites of old coal mines and retun Winding gear POwerful winches at the top of the shaft raise coal to the surface in huge buckets called skips, and lower miners down the shaft in a cage a kind of elevator. Sorting shafts them to nature In the past, mining Sundesnnns but modem pits aA ou sE Storage area In the pithead buildings are storage areas and workshops where machinery can be assembled. poutisop uxq to blend with the landscape and su uo ounur Recreation ball Showers Ventilation At the pithead the miners can eat and take a shower They have ockers to store their work clothes shaft when they go home Moving coal Coal is rarely mined where it is needed. so trains and heavy trucks Bright idea To see in the darkness of the Cleaning and grading Coal that comes out of the mine is mixed with a lot of mud and rock. Before the pit, every miner has a battery powered lamp The lamp is strapped to a helmet, so that the miners' hands are free. The Fan blades Finding coal Coal is found underground in thin vers called seams Some coal lumps of coal can be sold they must be cleaned and graded- sorted into different qualities and sizes. Tanks of water Elevator to miners recharge the batteries in the lamp room Upcast shaft Every mine has at least two shafts Stale me seams are up to 20 feet thick; but a seam as thin as six feet may still Modsup separate coal from rock: the coal floats, but the rock sinks coal face contain enough coal to make mining it worthwhile air is drawn out of the mine through the upcast shaft po un Ruao Mines use many dillerent kinds of transportation Free-steered vehicles (FSVS) are diesel- powered tractor units which also move miners and equipment Coal seam Coal on wheels At the coal face. cars pulled by a locomotive take some of the coal to skips-huge steel huckets holding as mch as 11 tons. The skips carry the coal to the sLurface ivunk road The main tunnels of the Fresh air Ventilation enables the mine are called trunk roads miners to breathe and keeps the working areas from Gate roads Walking to work The coal face may be miles from the shaft. Miners travel to many A road-heading chine cuts the rwo gate roads" at either end of the Coal face Coal scams are rarely level, so the road- heading machine often has to climb steep hills underground getting too hot. Also, without good ventilation, methane, an explosive gas, would collect in the tunnels. In the Downcast shaft Fresh air flows into the mine down the downcast shaft, to replace the stale air sucked out by the fans in the upcast shaft. Vertical track for elevator Ventilation door Doors control the flow of fresh air around the mine. Opening a sliding panel in the door increases the air flow. Doors are in sets of three, so that there are always two doors shut and air cannot escape altogether parts of the mine on trains. In other areas, past, mine explosions were a common occurence they walk to work. Air crossing The flow of air through the roads of the mine is very important, and where roads cross they sometimes snake over each other so that fresh and stale air do not mix All aboard! Trains move people and equipment in many parts of the mine. They are hauled by electric or diesel locomotives A real support Steed planes pport the mo e cl has Armored flexible conveyor From the shCAr uder, coal dops onto the armored Blexle conveyur (AFPCE The &an endles beh of coupled steel sections which are kept moving Skip Coal is loaded onto skips and winched to the surface. In drift mines skips are not used. Instead the coal travels to the surface on a conveyor, up a drift- a sloping tunnel. Shear power beart of e Trunk comveyor Coal fro the gate Bunker Gate belt conveyor Coal the APC i r Water jets Dust is a constant hazard couds .of it can aceap aosasu p Coal waiting ro be loaded is stored temporarily in underground bunkers which hold up to 60 skiploads Other bunkers designed to hold coal underground in case of a conveyor breakdown, have a much larger capacity of up to 1,100 tons explode. and miners in the past saffered from ong disecases as a resuit of mhaling oth he n th t oded ceo a e thel wunro coeyor wbac a alon the gate wad to the nearst runik d the cal whenever it is cut ar moved around ms r os pea Aads sot en uw sp dssy of snp T I love these type of comparisons...

Animals Meme Meme

Animals

cars

Children

Clothes

Computers

Dad

Fire

Fresh

Friends

Love

found ON 2019-10-28 07:51:07 BY sizzle

source: reddit